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EtherChannel, LACP & PAgP Explained (CCNA Networking Guide)

EtherChannel is a Cisco technology used to combine multiple physical links into a single logical link to increase bandwidth, provide redundancy, and improve load balancing.


What is EtherChannel?

EtherChannel allows bundling of multiple Ethernet ports into one logical interface called a Port-Channel. It is widely used in enterprise networks and CCNA-level switching environments.

  • ✔ Increased bandwidth
  • ✔ Link redundancy
  • ✔ Load balancing
  • ✔ Simplified network management

EtherChannel Protocols

1. PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol)

Cisco proprietary protocol used for automatic EtherChannel negotiation.

2. LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)

IEEE 802.3ad standard protocol used for multi-vendor compatibility.

3. Static EtherChannel

Manually configured without negotiation protocol.


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LACP Configuration (Recommended)

Switch Configuration

conf t
interface range fa0/1 - 2
switchport mode trunk
channel-group 1 mode active
exit

interface port-channel 1
switchport mode trunk

LACP Modes: Active / Passive


PAgP Configuration (Cisco Only)

conf t
interface range fa0/1 - 2
switchport mode trunk
channel-group 2 mode desirable
exit

interface port-channel 2
switchport mode trunk

PAgP Modes: Desirable / Auto


Verification Commands

show etherchannel summary
show interfaces port-channel 1
show lacp neighbor
show pagp neighbor

Important Configuration Rules

  • Interfaces must match speed and duplex
  • VLANs must be identical on all ports
  • Trunk/access mode must match
  • Mismatched config prevents EtherChannel formation

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